Editor’s note: To protect the identities of the individuals interviewed for this article, we have used initials instead of full names.
In the heart of Hampshire, England, the British Army Air Corps (AAC) is preparing its next generation of pilots to operate the formidable Boeing AH-64E Apache. Following the retirement of the Apache AH.1 fleet last year, the AAC has been receiving a steady influx of AH-64Es.
These aircraft are stationed at the Army Aviation Centre and AAC headquarters in Middle Wallop, Hampshire, as well as Wattisham, Suffolk. Of the 50 AH-64Es ordered, 12 are still awaiting delivery from Mesa, Arizona, where the conversions take place.
The Evolution of the AH-64E Apache
The AH-64E “Guardian” Version 6 represents the latest evolution of the Apache, a platform that has been in service for nearly 50 years. The new airframes incorporate components from the retired AgustaWestland-Boeing Apache AH.1, enhanced with advanced systems to increase survivability and combat effectiveness. The first upgraded helicopters arrived at Army Air Station Wattisham aboard a Royal Air Force (RAF) transport in late 2020.
The AH-64E is designed to withstand a variety of threats, incorporating multiple defensive features to enhance pilot and aircraft safety. It is equipped with self-sealing fuel tanks filled with nitrogen to prevent ignition in the event of damage. Electroslag remelt (ESR) metal is used in the airframe, providing an added layer of protection by absorbing incoming rounds. Beneath the pilot seats, Kevlar armor plating is installed, capable of withstanding 23mm projectiles. Additionally, ballistic blast shields separate the pilots, ensuring increased survivability in hostile environments.
“Many of the systems have redundancy in different sections of the aircraft to allow for damage to be caused yet the aircraft to still function,” explained Major Mc, a pilot with 653 Squadron AAC, Middle Wallop.
For additional protection, the AH-64E is being equipped with the Helicopter Integrated Defensive Aids Suite (HIDAS).
“This is a United Kingdom project, which is going through trials, with approvals progressing at a good pace,” said Major S, also with 653 Squadron AAC.
HIDAS automatically detects hostile weapon systems and deploys countermeasures without pilot intervention. Its core components include radar and laser warning receivers, a missile warning system, a countermeasures dispensing system, and a defensive aids system controller.
Additional enhancements such as directional infrared countermeasures (DIRCM) and electronic warfare operational support further bolster the Apache’s survivability, ensuring adaptability against evolving threats.
Power and Performance Upgrades
The AH-64E features improved engines, rotor blades, and wiring systems, enhancing agility and overall combat performance.
The aircraft is powered by two General Electric T700-701D turboshaft engines, replacing the AH.1’s Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322. Despite the change, the AH-64E maintains a top speed of 300 kilometers per hour (186 miles per hour) and benefits from improved climb performance, thanks to its new composite rotor blades.
While the T700 produces slightly less power, the reinforced gearbox ensures efficient power transfer to the main rotors.
“The extra power allowed for the extension of the blades, with an extra 30 cm added to the main rotor creating greater performance,” Major S explained.
Additionally, the T700 is notably smaller than the RTM322, providing engineers with greater access for maintenance and servicing, both in the hangar and in the field.
Modern battlefields demand advanced communication and sensor suites, and the AH-64E meets this need with cutting-edge technology. Optical fiber-based software and communications reduce weight while improving processing speed, enhancing the helicopter’s overall efficiency.
Link-16 data transmission enables real-time target sharing and engagement, providing seamless connectivity with allied forces. Satellite communication (SATCOM) capabilities allow crews to access ROVER data and utilize Manned/Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T), which significantly enhances reconnaissance and targeting capabilities.
“[MUM-T] allows the UAV to complete the recce and designate targets, where the Apache can remain in cover and employ weapons to defeat the target,” Major Mc explained. “Upgrades will be throughout the life of the aircraft and there are plans to have a bespoke UAV that talks to the Apache, expanding its lethality.”
The AH-64E also integrates artificial intelligence (AI) for improved situational awareness. The Cognitive Decision Aid System (CDAS) analyzes radar emissions, identifies threats, and suggests either an optimal targeting solution or an evasive flight path. AI also assists with terrain mapping, allowing pilots to utilize natural cover during missions. However, final decision-making remains with the crew.
Firepower and Munitions Enhancements
Armed with an array of weaponry, the AH-64E remains a formidable battlefield asset. The helicopter features a modified 30mm M230 chain gun, which no longer includes the “resolver” that previously adjusted hydraulics to compensate for recoil. “Different techniques are now in the training syllabus to allow for the change to the gun not having the resolver,” Major Mc said.
The AH-64E is also equipped with 19-round rocket pods, allowing for mixed munitions within a single pod, an improvement over older configurations. The Hellfire AGM-114 remains the Apache’s primary precision-strike weapon, though it is transitioning from the AGM-114L to the AGM-114R, which features a multi-purpose warhead capable of engaging a variety of target types. Additionally, the Apache is set to integrate the AGM-179 Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM), which offers dual-mode guidance via laser and radar, providing fire-and-forget capability for both stationary and moving targets.
Maintenance and Training
Boeing Defence U.K. provides maintenance and support for the AH-64E fleet at Middle Wallop and Wattisham, working closely with the British Army for engineering support and logistics. Most AH-1 pilots have transitioned to the AH-64E through a bridging course in the U.S., followed by U.K.-based training programs. New pilots undergo a 16-month training course after completing their basic and advanced training at RAF Shawbury.
Simulator training plays a crucial role in pilot transition, utilizing three Longbow Crew Trainers (LCTs) located at Middle Wallop and Wattisham. These high-fidelity simulators allow in-theatre training in various conditions, reducing the need for operational flight hours. Ground crews also receive extensive training, including a two-week maintenance course followed by hands-on experience with Boeing personnel.
“Boeing supports with the movement of aircraft on the ground at Middle Wallop, but [our ground crews] learn from them and apply these learnings in the field,” said Ground Crew Commander Staff Sergeant A.
Exercise Saber Junction
The AAC regularly participates in Exercise Saber Junction, a biennial multinational training event at the Joint Multinational Readiness Center in Hohenfels, Germany. The exercise features over 4,000 troops from 10 nations, with AAC Apaches and AW159 Wildcats working alongside U.S. Army AH-64Es in simulated real-world combat scenarios.
“We have about 405 personnel here, including 16 helicopters and over 100 vehicles,” said Lt. Col. Dave Lambert, Commanding Officer of 4 Regiment Army Air Corps Battlegroup.
The realism of the exercise was a key feature, with simulated combat scenarios designed to mirror real-world warfare. “The Americans have put a lot of money and effort into making these missions as real as possible,” said Capt. Si Longworth, a squadron-qualified helicopter instructor.
Lance Corporal A, deployed with 664 Squadron, highlighted the strong integration with U.S. Army personnel, particularly in Forward Arming and Refueling Points (FARPs), where cross-learning opportunities enhanced operational effectiveness.